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<H1 class="no-header">curs_inopts 3x 2023-09-16 ncurses 6.4 Library calls</H1>
<PRE>
<STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>                  Library calls                 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>




</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>,  <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_cbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>is_raw</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>keypad</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>, <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>,  <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>,  <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>,  <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>,  <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>,  <STRONG>raw</STRONG>,  <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>,  <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> - get and set
       <EM>curses</EM> terminal input options


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG>&lt;curses.h&gt;</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>cbreak(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nocbreak(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>echo(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noecho(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>intrflush(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>keypad(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>meta(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nodelay(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>notimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>bool</STRONG> <EM>bf</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nl(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>nonl(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>raw(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>noraw(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>qiflush(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>noqiflush(void);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>halfdelay(int</STRONG> <EM>tenths</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>timeout(int</STRONG> <EM>delay</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>void</STRONG> <STRONG>wtimeout(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>delay</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>

       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>typeahead(int</STRONG> <EM>fd</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>

       /* extensions */
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_cbreak(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_echo(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_nl(void);</STRONG>
       <STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>is_raw(void);</STRONG>


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
       The <STRONG>ncurses</STRONG> library provides several functions which let an application
       change  the  way  input from the terminal is handled.  Some are global,
       applying to all windows.  Others  apply  only  to  a  specific  window.
       Window-specific  settings  are  not  automatically  applied  to  new or
       derived windows.  An application must apply these to  each  window,  if
       the same behavior is needed.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-cbreak_nocbreak">cbreak/nocbreak</a></H3><PRE>
       Normally,  the  tty  driver buffers typed characters until a newline or
       carriage return is typed.  The <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> routine disables  line  buffering
       and   erase/kill   character-processing  (interrupt  and  flow  control
       characters  are  unaffected),  making  characters  typed  by  the  user
       immediately available to the program.  The <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> routine returns the
       terminal to normal (cooked) mode.

       Initially the terminal may or may not be in <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode, as the mode is
       inherited;   therefore,  a  program  should  call  <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>  or  <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>
       explicitly.  Most interactive programs  using  <STRONG>curses</STRONG>  set  the  <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>
       mode.   Note  that  <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>  overrides  <STRONG>raw</STRONG>.   [See <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a
       discussion of how these routines interact with <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.]


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>echo</STRONG> and <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> routines control whether characters  typed  by  the
       user  are  echoed  by  <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">getch(3x)</A></STRONG> as they are typed.  Echoing by the tty
       driver is always disabled, but initially <STRONG>getch</STRONG>  is  in  echo  mode,  so
       characters  typed  are  echoed.   Authors  of most interactive programs
       prefer to do their own echoing in a controlled area of the  screen,  or
       not  to  echo  at all, so they disable echoing by calling <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>.  [See
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG> for a discussion of how  these  routines  interact  with
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> and <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG>.]


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG> routine is used for half-delay mode, which is similar to
       <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG> mode in that  characters  typed  by  the  user  are  immediately
       available to the program.  However, after blocking for <EM>tenths</EM> tenths of
       seconds, <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> is returned if nothing  has  been  typed.   The  value  of
       <EM>tenths</EM> must be a number between 1 and 255.  Use <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> to leave half-
       delay mode.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></H3><PRE>
       If the <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG> option is enabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>), and an  interrupt  key
       is  pressed on the keyboard (interrupt, break, quit), all output in the
       tty driver queue will be flushed, giving the effect of faster  response
       to  the interrupt, but causing <STRONG>curses</STRONG> to have the wrong idea of what is
       on the screen.  Disabling the option (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) prevents the  flush.
       The  default  for the option is inherited from the tty driver settings.
       The window argument is ignored.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-keypad">keypad</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> option enables  the  keypad  of  the  user's  terminal.   If
       enabled  (<EM>bf</EM>  is  <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>),  the user can press a function key (such as an
       arrow key) and <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG>  returns  a  single  value  representing  the
       function  key,  as in <STRONG>KEY_LEFT</STRONG>.  If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>curses</STRONG> does
       not treat function keys specially and the program has to interpret  the
       escape  sequences  itself.  If the keypad in the terminal can be turned
       on (made to transmit) and off (made to work locally), turning  on  this
       option  causes  the  terminal keypad to be turned on when <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG> is
       called.  The default value for keypad is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-meta">meta</a></H3><PRE>
       Initially, whether the terminal returns 7  or  8  significant  bits  on
       input  depends  on the control mode of the tty driver [see <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>].
       To force 8 bits  to  be  returned,  invoke  <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,  <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>);  this  is
       equivalent,  under  POSIX, to setting the CS8 flag on the terminal.  To
       force  7  bits  to  be  returned,  invoke  <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>,  <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>);  this  is
       equivalent,  under POSIX, to setting the CS7 flag on the terminal.  The
       window argument, <EM>win</EM>, is always ignored.  If the terminfo  capabilities
       <STRONG>smm</STRONG>  (meta_on)  and <STRONG>rmm</STRONG> (meta_off) are defined for the terminal, <STRONG>smm</STRONG> is
       sent to the terminal when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called  and  <STRONG>rmm</STRONG>  is  sent
       when <STRONG>meta</STRONG>(<EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>) is called.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nl_nonl">nl/nonl</a></H3><PRE>
       The  <STRONG>nl</STRONG> and <STRONG>nonl</STRONG> routines control whether the underlying display device
       translates the return key into newline on input.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG> option causes <STRONG>getch</STRONG> to be a non-blocking call.  If no input
       is  ready,  <STRONG>getch</STRONG>  returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>.  If disabled (<EM>bf</EM> is <STRONG>FALSE</STRONG>), <STRONG>getch</STRONG> waits
       until a key is pressed.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-notimeout">notimeout</a></H3><PRE>
       When interpreting an escape sequence, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">wgetch(3x)</A></STRONG>  sets  a  timer  while
       waiting  for  the  next  character.  If <STRONG>notimeout(</STRONG><EM>win</EM>, <STRONG>TRUE</STRONG>) is called,
       then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> does not set a timer.  The purpose of  the  timeout  is  to
       differentiate  between sequences received from a function key and those
       typed by a user.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>raw</STRONG> and <STRONG>noraw</STRONG> routines place the terminal into or out of raw  mode.
       Raw  mode  is  similar  to  <STRONG>cbreak</STRONG>  mode,  in that characters typed are
       immediately passed through to the user program.   The  differences  are
       that  in  raw  mode,  the  interrupt,  quit,  suspend, and flow control
       characters are all passed through uninterpreted, instead of  generating
       a  signal.   The behavior of the BREAK key depends on other bits in the
       tty driver that are not set by <STRONG>curses</STRONG>.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-qiflush_noqiflush">qiflush/noqiflush</a></H3><PRE>
       When the <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> routine is used, normal flush of  input  and  output
       queues  associated  with the <STRONG>INTR</STRONG>, <STRONG>QUIT</STRONG> and <STRONG>SUSP</STRONG> characters will not be
       done [see <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>].  When <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG> is  called,  the  queues  will  be
       flushed  when  these control characters are read.  You may want to call
       <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG> in a signal handler if you want output to continue as  though
       the interrupt had not occurred, after the handler exits.


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>timeout</STRONG> and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> routines set blocking or non-blocking read for
       a given window.  If <EM>delay</EM> is negative, blocking  read  is  used  (i.e.,
       waits  indefinitely  for  input).   If <EM>delay</EM> is zero, then non-blocking
       read is used (i.e., read returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> if no input is waiting).  If <EM>delay</EM>
       is  positive,  then read blocks for <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds, and returns <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>
       if there is still no input.  Hence, these  routines  provide  the  same
       functionality  as <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>, plus the additional capability of being able
       to block for only <EM>delay</EM> milliseconds (where <EM>delay</EM> is positive).


</PRE><H3><a name="h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></H3><PRE>
       The <STRONG>curses</STRONG> library does "line-breakout  optimization"  by  looking  for
       typeahead  periodically  while updating the screen.  If input is found,
       and it is coming from a tty, the  current  update  is  postponed  until
       <STRONG><A HREF="curs_refresh.3x.html">refresh(3x)</A></STRONG>  or  <STRONG>doupdate</STRONG> is called again.  This allows faster response
       to commands typed in advance.  Normally, the input FILE pointer  passed
       to <STRONG>newterm</STRONG>, or <STRONG>stdin</STRONG> in the case that <STRONG>initscr</STRONG> was used, will be used to
       do this typeahead checking.  The <STRONG>typeahead</STRONG> routine specifies  that  the
       file descriptor <EM>fd</EM> is to be used to check for typeahead instead.  If <EM>fd</EM>
       is -1, then no typeahead checking is done.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
       All routines that return an integer return  <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>  upon  failure  and  <STRONG>OK</STRONG>
       (SVr4 specifies only "an integer value other than <STRONG>ERR</STRONG>") upon successful
       completion,  unless  otherwise   noted   in   the   preceding   routine
       descriptions.

       X/Open  does  not define any error conditions.  In this implementation,
       functions with a window parameter will return an error if it  is  null.
       Any  function  will  also  return  an  error  if  the  terminal was not
       initialized.  Also,

          <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>
               returns an error if its parameter is outside the range 1..255.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></H2><PRE>
       This implementation provides four functions which may be used to detect
       if the corresponding flags were set or reset:

       <STRONG>Query</STRONG>       <STRONG>Set</STRONG>      <STRONG>Reset</STRONG>
       ------------------------------
       is_cbreak   cbreak   nocbreak
       is_echo     echo     noecho
       is_nl       nl       nonl
       is_raw      raw      noraw

       In each case, the function returns

       1    if the flag is set,

       0    if the flag is reset, or

       -1   if the curses library was not initialized.

       These  routines  are  specific  to ncurses.  They were not supported on
       Version 7, BSD or System V implementations.  It is recommended that any
       code   depending   on   ncurses   extensions   be   conditioned   using
       NCURSES_VERSION.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
       Except as noted in the  section  on  extensions,  these  functions  are
       described in the XSI Curses standard, Issue 4.

       The ncurses library obeys the XPG4 standard and the historical practice
       of the AT&amp;T curses implementations, in that the  echo  bit  is  cleared
       when  curses  initializes the terminal state.  BSD curses differed from
       this slightly; it left the echo bit on at initialization, but  the  BSD
       <STRONG>raw</STRONG>  call  turned  it  off as a side-effect.  For best portability, set
       <STRONG>echo</STRONG> or <STRONG>noecho</STRONG> explicitly  just  after  initialization,  even  if  your
       program remains in cooked mode.

       The  XSI  Curses  standard  is ambiguous on the question of whether <STRONG>raw</STRONG>
       should disable the CRLF translations controlled by <STRONG>nl</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>.   BSD
       curses  did  turn off these translations; AT&amp;T curses (at least as late
       as SVr1) did not.  We chose to do so, on the theory that  a  programmer
       requesting  raw  input  wants  a clean (ideally 8-bit clean) connection
       that the operating system will not alter.

       When <STRONG>keypad</STRONG> is first enabled, ncurses loads the key-definitions for the
       current  terminal  description.   If  the terminal description includes
       extended string capabilities, e.g., from using the <STRONG>-x</STRONG>  option  of  <STRONG>tic</STRONG>,
       then  ncurses  also defines keys for the capabilities whose names begin
       with "k".  The corresponding keycodes are generated and  (depending  on
       previous  loads of terminal descriptions) may differ from one execution
       of a program to the next.  The generated keycodes are recognized by the
       <STRONG>keyname</STRONG>  function  (which  will  then  return a name beginning with "k"
       denoting the terminfo capability name rather than "K", used for  curses
       key-names).   On  the  other hand, an application can use <STRONG>define_key</STRONG> to
       establish a specific  keycode  for  a  given  string.   This  makes  it
       possible  for  an  application  to  check  for an extended capability's
       presence with <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG>, and reassign  the  keycode  to  match  its  own
       needs.

       Low-level applications can use <STRONG>tigetstr</STRONG> to obtain the definition of any
       particular string capability.  Higher-level applications which use  the
       curses  <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG>  and  similar functions to return keycodes rely upon the
       order in which the strings are loaded.  If more than one key definition
       has  the  same  string  value, then <STRONG>wgetch</STRONG> can return only one keycode.
       Most curses implementations (including ncurses) load key definitions in
       the  order  defined  by the array of string capability names.  The last
       key to be loaded determines the keycode which  will  be  returned.   In
       ncurses,  you  may  also  have extended capabilities interpreted as key
       definitions.  These are loaded after the  predefined  keys,  and  if  a
       capability's  value  is the same as a previously-loaded key definition,
       the later definition is the one used.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
       Note that <STRONG>echo</STRONG>, <STRONG>noecho</STRONG>, <STRONG>halfdelay</STRONG>, <STRONG>intrflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>meta</STRONG>, <STRONG>nl</STRONG>, <STRONG>nonl</STRONG>,  <STRONG>nodelay</STRONG>,
       <STRONG>notimeout</STRONG>, <STRONG>noqiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>qiflush</STRONG>, <STRONG>timeout</STRONG>, and <STRONG>wtimeout</STRONG> may be macros.

       The  <STRONG>noraw</STRONG>  and  <STRONG>nocbreak</STRONG> calls follow historical practice in that they
       attempt to restore to normal ("cooked") mode from raw and cbreak  modes
       respectively.   Mixing raw/noraw and cbreak/nocbreak calls leads to tty
       driver control states that are hard to predict or understand; it is not
       recommended.


</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
       <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>,     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_getch.3x.html">curs_getch(3x)</A></STRONG>,     <STRONG><A HREF="curs_initscr.3x.html">curs_initscr(3x)</A></STRONG>,    <STRONG><A HREF="curs_util.3x.html">curs_util(3x)</A></STRONG>,
       <STRONG><A HREF="define_key.3x.html">define_key(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>termios(3)</STRONG>



ncurses 6.4                       2023-09-16                   <STRONG><A HREF="curs_inopts.3x.html">curs_inopts(3x)</A></STRONG>
</PRE>
<div class="nav">
<ul>
<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#h3-cbreak_nocbreak">cbreak/nocbreak</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-echo_noecho">echo/noecho</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-halfdelay">halfdelay</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-intrflush">intrflush</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-keypad">keypad</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-meta">meta</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-nl_nonl">nl/nonl</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-nodelay">nodelay</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-notimeout">notimeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-raw_noraw">raw/noraw</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-qiflush_noqiflush">qiflush/noqiflush</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-timeout_wtimeout">timeout/wtimeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#h3-typeahead">typeahead</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-EXTENSIONS">EXTENSIONS</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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